Un comprador entrega al corredor un depósito de buena fe mientras se completa la compraventa. Hasta que la transacción se realice o termine, ¿dónde debe mantenerse ese dinero?
Based on: Ley 10-1994, Art. 21 (Cuenta de plica)
Reválida de Bienes Raíces (Vendedor) · Financiamiento
Reválida de Bienes Raíces Practice Questions: Financiamiento (2026)
Financiamiento supplies 8 of the 60 scored questions on the reválida de bienes raíces (13 percent). It mixes three layers: the cuenta de plica that Ley 10 de 1994 requires for client funds, the mechanics of a residential mortgage loan (appraisal, escrow reserves, discount points and the federal RESPA and TRID rules), and the security rights of the Código Civil de 2020, where a mortgaged property answers for the debt and can be executed if the obligation is not met.
Practice
Free practice questions
¿Cómo se define la hipoteca como derecho real de garantía sobre un bien inmueble?
Based on: Código Civil 2020, Arts. 1011, 1015 (Hipoteca)
¿Sobre qué tipo de bienes recae la prenda como derecho real de garantía y qué exige?
Based on: Código Civil 2020, Arts. 1000, 1017 (Prenda y anticresis)
¿Qué conducta entre proveedores de servicios de cierre prohíbe expresamente RESPA?
Based on: Conceptos de financiamiento: RESPA
Bajo la regla TRID, ¿dentro de cuánto tiempo debe el prestamista entregar el Loan Estimate (Estimación del Préstamo) al solicitante?
Based on: Conceptos de financiamiento: TRID, Loan Estimate y Closing Disclosure
¿Qué prohíbe ECOA en el otorgamiento de crédito?
Based on: Conceptos de financiamiento: ECOA
¿Cómo se describe la precualificación dentro del proceso de financiamiento hipotecario?
Based on: Conceptos de financiamiento: etapas del préstamo
¿Qué distingue al préstamo convencional de los préstamos FHA y VA?
Based on: Conceptos de financiamiento: tipos de préstamo
En un préstamo amortizado, ¿cómo se comporta la composición del pago mensual al inicio del término?
Based on: Conceptos de financiamiento: amortizacion e interes
¿Qué es el avalúo o tasación de una propiedad en el contexto del financiamiento?
Based on: Conceptos de financiamiento: avalúo y razón préstamo-valor
From plica to closing: following the money
Two accounts confuse candidates, and the exam exploits it. The cuenta de plica is the corredor's escrow account under Artículo 21 of Ley 10: a special account, separate from the corredor's personal and operational funds, where the buyer's trust money such as the good-faith deposit is placed, and the professional renders account of those funds when the transaction concludes. The lender's reserve account (the escrow or cuenta de reserva) is different: there the borrower accumulates monthly funds so the property tax and the home insurance can be paid when they fall due. Around the loan itself, the appraisal (avalúo or tasación) is the estimate of the property's market value made by a licensed tasador, and it is the basis of the loan-to-value calculation. At closing, a discount point equals one percent of the loan amount and is paid to reduce the interest rate, a definition the exam tests numerically. Keep the actors straight: the corredor holds plica funds for the parties, the lender holds reserve funds for taxes and insurance, and the tasador values the collateral; each question hinges on which of the three is doing the holding.
Federal rules and the Código Civil's security rights
The federal layer is small but precise. RESPA is the federal law that regulates closing processes in residential mortgage transactions, and under the TRID rule the lender must deliver the Loan Estimate (Estimación del Préstamo) to the applicant within three business days of receiving the application. Those two facts, what RESPA covers and the three-day Loan Estimate deadline, are the recurring federal questions. The civil-law layer comes from the Código Civil de 2020. A mortgage (hipoteca) makes the encumbered property answer for payment of the debt: if the secured obligation is not fulfilled, the property can be executed, it does not pass automatically to the creditor and the security does not simply lapse (Arts. 1011 and 1015). The pledge (prenda) has its own auction rule: if the pledged thing is not sold at the first auction or the second, the creditor may become owner of the prenda, but is then obliged to give a carta de pago for the entirety of the credit (Arts. 1008 and 1009). The exam likes the contrast: execution through auction is the norm, and the creditor keeping the collateral is the exception with a price attached, full discharge of the debt.
| Point | Cuenta de plica (corredor) | Reserve account (lender) |
|---|---|---|
| Who maintains it | The corredor (Ley 10, Art. 21) | The mortgage lender |
| What goes in | The parties' trust funds, such as the good-faith deposit | Monthly amounts for property tax and home insurance |
| Kept separate from | The corredor's personal and operational funds | The loan principal and interest payments |
| When it pays out | Accounted for when the transaction concludes | When the tax and insurance bills fall due |
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
How many financing questions are on the Puerto Rico real estate exam?
Financiamiento carries 8 of the 60 scored questions on the reválida de vendedor, 13 percent of the exam under the Tabla de Especificaciones. The questions span the cuenta de plica of Ley 10, mortgage-loan mechanics, RESPA and TRID, and the hipoteca and prenda rules of the Código Civil de 2020.
What is the cuenta de plica in Puerto Rico?
Under Artículo 21 of Ley 10 de 1994, the cuenta de plica is the corredor's escrow account: a special account separate from the corredor's personal and operational funds where the buyer's trust money is deposited. The professional renders account of those funds when the transaction concludes. The vendedor does not maintain one; that duty belongs to the corredor.
When must the lender deliver the Loan Estimate under TRID?
Within three business days of receiving the application. The reválida tests this deadline directly, together with the fact that RESPA is the federal law regulating closing processes in residential mortgage transactions.
What is a discount point on a Puerto Rico mortgage?
A discount point equals one percent of the loan amount and is paid at closing to reduce the interest rate. The exam typically asks for both halves of the definition, the one percent figure and the rate-reduction purpose, so learn them as a pair.
What happens to a mortgaged property in Puerto Rico if the debt is not paid?
Under the Código Civil de 2020 (Arts. 1011 and 1015), the mortgaged property answers for payment of the debt and can be executed if the secured obligation is not fulfilled. It does not pass automatically to the creditor, and the creditor does not lose the security; execution is the remedy.
Practice questions