Welches Grundrecht ist in Artikel 1 des Grundgesetzes der Bundesrepublik Deutschland garantiert?
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 18 (bundesweit)
Einbürgerungstest (German Citizenship Test) · Politik
Einbürgerungstest Practice Questions: Politik in der Demokratie (2026)
Politik in der Demokratie is the largest topic on the Einbürgerungstest: it covers the Grundgesetz (Germany's constitution), basic rights, elections and the federal institutions, and our timed mock draws 17 of its 33 questions from this area, mirroring the official balance. The core facts recur constantly: Germany is a democratic and social federal state made up of 16 Bundesländer, the Bundestag is elected by the people every four years, the Bundestag elects the Bundeskanzler, and Article 1 of the Grundgesetz declares human dignity inviolable.
Practice
Free practice questions
Was versteht man unter dem Recht der "Freizügigkeit" in Deutschland?
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 19 (bundesweit)
Eine Partei in Deutschland verfolgt das Ziel, eine Diktatur zu errichten. Sie ist dann …
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 20 (bundesweit)
Was für eine Staatsform hat Deutschland?
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 22 (bundesweit)
Wie viele Bundesländer hat die Bundesrepublik Deutschland?
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 24 (bundesweit)
Was ist kein Bundesland der Bundesrepublik Deutschland?
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 25 (bundesweit)
Deutschland ist …
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 26 (bundesweit)
Deutschland ist …
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 27 (bundesweit)
Wer wählt in Deutschland die Abgeordneten zum Bundestag?
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 28 (bundesweit)
Welches Tier ist das Wappentier der Bundesrepublik Deutschland?
Based on: BAMF Gesamtfragenkatalog Nr. 29 (bundesweit)
What does the Grundgesetz guarantee?
Germany's constitution is called the Grundgesetz, and the test expects you to know both the name and its most famous line: Article 1 begins with the statement that human dignity is inviolable, and respecting and protecting it is the duty of all state authority. From there the catalogue works through the basic rights, the Grundrechte. Freedom of opinion (Meinungsfreiheit), freedom of faith and conscience (Glaubens- und Gewissensfreiheit) and freedom of movement (Freizügigkeit, the right to choose your own place of residence within Germany) all appear repeatedly, and one detail is a favourite trap: the basic right of asylum is the one that applies only to foreigners. The catalogue also tests the defensive side of the constitution: a party that aims to establish a dictatorship acts against the free democratic basic order and is unconstitutional, and press freedom is a basic right that cannot simply be abolished, even by a parliamentary majority.
- Article 1 of the Grundgesetz: human dignity is inviolable, and all state authority must protect it.
- Freizügigkeit means you may choose your own place of residence within the federal territory.
- Free speech has limits: publicly spreading false claims about individual people is not protected.
How do German elections and the federal institutions work?
Germany is a republic and a federal state: each of the 16 Bundesländer has its own government and parliament, chosen at a Landtagswahl, while foreign policy, the currency and the army are matters for the federation. State power is divided into three branches, the legislature, the executive and the judiciary; the press is deliberately not one of them. At federal level, eligible voters aged 18 or over elect the Bundestag in general, direct, free, equal and secret elections, normally every four years, and postal voting (Briefwahl) is allowed. The more Zweitstimmen a party wins, the more seats it gets, but a party needs at least 5 percent of those votes, the 5%-Hürde, to enter the Bundestag. Parties that govern together form a coalition, while the parliamentary opposition's job is to control the government. The Bundestag, not the voters, elects the Bundeskanzler. The Bundespräsident, elected by the Bundesversammlung, represents the country and proposes the Kanzler for election. The Bundesrat, in contrast, is formed by the representatives of the state governments, and together the Bundestag and Bundesrat make up the legislature.
| Point | Bundestag | Bundesrat |
|---|---|---|
| Who sits in it | Abgeordnete, the elected members of parliament | Representatives of the 16 state governments |
| Elected by the people? | Yes, in general, direct, free, equal and secret elections | No, members are sent by their Land governments |
| How often chosen | Normally every 4 years, at the Bundestagswahl | Follows each Land's own government |
| Branch of state power | Legislature | Legislature |
| Signature task on the test | Elects the Bundeskanzler | Represents the Bundesländer at federal level |
FAQ
Frequently asked questions
What does the Politik in der Demokratie topic cover on the Einbürgerungstest?
It covers the Grundgesetz and the basic rights, elections and voting rules, the federal institutions (Bundestag, Bundesrat, Bundeskanzler, Bundespräsident), the rule of law and Germany's place in the European Union. It is the largest subject area in the official BAMF catalogue, so it deserves the biggest share of your study time.
Who elects the Bundeskanzler in Germany?
The Bundestag elects the Bundeskanzler. Voters never elect the Chancellor directly: they elect the members of the Bundestag, and the Bundespräsident then proposes a candidate whom the Bundestag votes on. This indirect chain, people elect the parliament, the parliament elects the Chancellor, is one of the most frequently tested facts in the Einbürgerungstest catalogue.
What is the 5%-Hürde in German elections?
The 5%-Hürde is the minimum share of Zweitstimmen, 5 percent, that a party must win at a Bundestagswahl to enter the Bundestag. The catalogue tests it from both directions: as the percentage figure itself, and by its name. Remember the pairing: more Zweitstimmen means more seats, but below 5 percent normally means no seats at all.
What is the difference between the Bundestag and the Bundesrat?
The Bundestag is Germany's parliament, elected directly by the people, and it elects the Bundeskanzler. The Bundesrat is formed by representatives of the 16 state governments, so its members are not elected by voters. Both belong to the legislature, which is exactly how the official Einbürgerungstest question frames it.
Which basic right in Germany applies only to foreigners?
The basic right of asylum. The official catalogue asks precisely this, and it is an easy trap because every other commonly listed Grundrecht, such as freedom of opinion, freedom of faith and conscience or freedom of movement, applies broadly. Asylum, by its nature, is the one basic right that only foreigners can claim in Germany.
Who elects the German Bundespräsident?
The Bundesversammlung elects the Bundespräsident. The Bundespräsident's main task, as the catalogue puts it, is to represent the country, and he or she also proposes the Bundeskanzler to the Bundestag for election. Do not confuse this with the Bundeskanzler, who is elected by the Bundestag and leads the government.